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Envoy HTTP流量管理 路由配置

来源：原创
时间：2019-11-27
作者：脚本小站
分类：云原生

路由配置：

    路由匹配：

        基础匹配：prefix、path、regex（safe_regex）

        高级匹配：headers和query_patameters

    路由：

        路由（route）

        重定向（redirect）

        直接响应（direct_response）

高级流量管理：

    流量迁移：基于流量的灰度发布

    流量分格：分割到不同的集群，蓝绿部署

    流量镜像：AB测试，复制流量到新集群上对比新旧生成的结果

    故障注入：在系统中放入猴子让其到处破坏，测试集群是否能够应付故障

    超时和重试：超时和重试

    CORS(跨域资源共享)：跨域资源共享


HTTP高级路由：

    将域名映射到虚拟主机

    path的前缀（prefix）匹配、精确匹配或正则表达式匹配

    虚拟主机级别的TLS重定向

    path级别的path/host重定向

    由Envoy直接生成响应报文

    显式host rewrite

    prefix rewrite

    基于HTTP标头或路由配置的请求重试与请求超时

    基于运行时参数的流年迁移

    基于权重或百分比的跨集群流年分割

    基于任意标头匹配路由规则

    基于优先级的路由

    基于hash策略路由


虚拟主机路由配置：

{
"name": "...",
"domains": [], # 域名
"routes": [], # 路由表
"require_tls": "...",
"virtual_clusters": [],
"rate_limits": [], # 限流
"request_headers_to_add": [], # 请求加标头
"request_headers_to_remove": [],
"response_headers_to_add": [], # 响应加标头
"response_headers_to_remove": [],
"cors": "{...}", # 跨站引用资源限制
"per_filter_config": "{...}",
"typed_per_filter_config": "{...}",
"include_request_attempt_count": "...",
"retry_policy": "{...}", # 重试策略
"hedge_policy": "{...}"
}

HTTP路由及配置框架：

listeners:
- name:
  address: {...}
  filter_chians: []
  - filters:
    - name: envoy.http_connection_manager
      config:
    ...
    route_config:
      name: ...
      virutal_hosts: []
      - name: ...
        domains: [] # 虚拟主机的域名， 路由匹配时将请求报文中的host标头值与此处列表项进行匹配检测    
        routes: [] # 路由条目， 匹配到当前虚拟主机的请求中的path匹配检测将针对各route中由match定义条件进行    
        - name: ...
        match: {...} 
          prefix|path|regex: ... #基于路径前缀、 路径或正则表达式三者之一定义匹配条件 
        route: {...}
          cluster|cluster_header|weighted_cluster: ...# 基于集群、 请求报文中的集群标头或加权集群（ 流量分割） 定义路由目标；    
     virtual_clusters: [] #为此虚拟主机定义的用于收集统计信息的虚拟集群列表；
      ...
    ...

域名搜索顺序：

精确匹配检查：如：www.example.com.

前缀匹配检查：*.example.com *-envoy.example.com

后缀匹配检查：example.* example-*.

万能匹配：*


路由基础匹配框架：

15748603698827_upload.png


路由匹配：

基础匹配条件：prefix、path、regex 使用三个其中的一个。

{
"prefix": "...", # path前缀匹配条件
"path": "...", # path精确匹配条件
"regex": "...", # 整个path（ 不包含query字串） 必须与指定的正则表达式匹配
"case_sensitive": "{...}", # 大小写敏感时的匹配机制
"runtime_fraction": "{...}",
"headers": [],
"query_parameters": [],
"grpc": "{...}"
}

基于标头的路由匹配：

exact_match：精确匹配

regex_match：整个值与正则表达式匹配

range_match：值范围匹配

present_match：标头存在性匹配

prefix_match：值前缀匹配

suffix_match：值后缀匹配

invert_match：将匹配结果取反，默认为false

基于查询参数的路由匹配：

query_parameters:
  name: "..."
  value: "..."
  regex: "{...}" # 布尔型值， 用于判断指定的参数的数据是否为正则表达式， 建议改为使用string_match中的safe_regex；
  string_match: "{...}" # 参数值的字符串匹配检查， 支持使用以下五种检查方式其中之一进行字符串匹配
    exact: "..."
    prefix: "..."
    suffix: "..."
    regex: "..."
    safe_regex: "{...}"
  present_match: "..."

重定向：

协议重定向：https_redirect或scheme_redirect二者之一

主机重定向：host_redirect

端口重定向：port_redirect

路径重定向：path_redirect

路径前缀重定向：prefix_redirect

重设响应码：response_code，默认为301

strip_query：是否在重定向期间删除URL的查询参数 ，默认为false。


直接响应请求：如错误请求

direct_response：

{
"status": "...", # 响应码
"body": "{...}" # 响应内容
}

响应正文可省略， 默认为空； 需要指定时应该由body通过如下三种方式之一给出数据源 

{
"filename": "...", # 本地文件数据源
"inline_bytes": "...", # 内联字节
"inline_string": "..." # 内联字符串
}

路由到指定的集群：

cluster：指定的上游集群

cluster_header：请求标头中的cluster_header的指定的上游集群

weighted_clusters：基于权重减请求路由到多个上游的集群

示例：

admin:
  access_log_path: "dev/null"
  address:
    socket_address:
      address: 0.0.0.0
      port_value: 9901

static_resources:
  listeners:
  - address:
      socket_address:
        address: 0.0.0.0
        port_value: 80
    name: listener_http
    filter_chains:
    - filters:
      - name: envoy.http_connection_manager
        typed_config:
          "@type": type.googleapis.com/envoy.config.filter.network.http_connection_manager.v2.HttpConnectionManager
          codec_type: auto
          stat_prefix: ingress_http
          route_config:
            name: local_route
            virtual_hosts:
            - name: vh_001
              domains: ["ilinux.io","*.ilinux.io","ilinux.*"]
              routes:
              - match:
                  path: "/service/blue"
                route:
                  cluster: blue
              - match:
                  regex: "^/service/.*blue$"
                redirect:
                  path_redirect: "/service/blue"
              - match:
                  prefix: "/service/yellow"
                direct_response:
                  status: 200
                  body:
                    inline_string: "This page will be provided soon later.\n"
              - match:
                  prefix: "/"
                route:
                  cluster: red
            - name: vh_002
              domains: ["*"]
              routes:
              - match:
                  prefix: "/"
                route:
                  cluster: gray
          http_filters:
          - name: envoy.router

  clusters:
  - name: blue
    connect_timeout: 0.25s
    type: STRICT_DNS
    lb_policy: ROUND_ROBIN
    http2_protocol_options: {}
    load_assignment:
      cluster_name: blue
      endpoints:
      - lb_endpoints:
        - endpoint:
            address:
              socket_address:
                address: blue
                port_value: 80

  - name: red
    connect_timeout: 0.25s
    type: STRICT_DNS
    lb_policy: ROUND_ROBIN
    http2_protocol_options: {}
    load_assignment:
      cluster_name: red
      endpoints:
      - lb_endpoints:
        - endpoint:
            address: 
              socket_address:
                address: red
                port_value: 80

  - name: green
    connect_timeout: 0.25s
    type: STRICT_DNS
    lb_policy: ROUND_ROBIN
    http2_protocol_options: {}
    load_assignment:
      cluster_name: green
      endpoints:
      - lb_endpoints:
        - endpoint:
            address: 
              socket_address:
                address: green
                port_value: 80

  - name: gray
    connect_timeout: 0.25s
    type: STRICT_DNS
    lb_policy: ROUND_ROBIN
    http2_protocol_options: {}
    load_assignment:
      cluster_name: gray
      endpoints:
      - lb_endpoints:
        - endpoint:
            address: 
              socket_address:
                address: gray
                port_value: 80

示例2：

admin:
  access_log_path: "/dev/null"
  address:
    socket_address:
      address: 0.0.0.0
      port_value: 9901

static_resources:
  listeners:
  - address:
      socket_address:
        address: 0.0.0.0
        port_value: 80
    name: listener_http
    filter_chains:
    - filters:
      - name: envoy.http_connection_manager
        typed_config:
          "@type": type.googleapis.com/envoy.config.filter.network.http_connection_manager.v2.HttpConnectionManager
          codec_type: auto
          stat_prefix: ingress_http
          route_config:
            name: local_route
            virtual_hosts:
            - name: vh_001
              domains: ["*"]
              routes:
              - match:
                  prefix: "/"
                  headers:
                  - name: X-Canary
                    exact_match: "true"
                route:
                  cluster: ver-1.7-pre
              - match:
                  prefix: "/"
                  query_parameters:
                  - name: "username"
                    string_match:
                      prefix: "vip_"
                route:
                  cluster: ver-1.6
              - match:
                  prefix: "/"
                route:
                  cluster: ver-1.5
          http_filters:
          - name: envoy.router

  clusters:
  - name: ver-1.5
    connect_timeout: 0.25s
    type: STRICT_DNS
    lb_policy: ROUND_ROBIN
    http2_protocol_options: {}
    load_assignment:
      cluster_name: ver-1.5
      endpoints:
      - lb_endpoints:
        - endpoint:
            address:
              socket_address:
                address: ver-1.5
                port_value: 80

  - name: ver-1.6
    connect_timeout: 0.25s
    type: STRICT_DNS
    lb_policy: ROUND_ROBIN
    http2_protocol_options: {}
    load_assignment:
      cluster_name: ver-1.6
      endpoints:
      - lb_endpoints:
        - endpoint:
            address:
              socket_address:
                address: ver-1.6
                port_value: 80

  - name: ver-1.7-pre
    connect_timeout: 0.25s
    type: STRICT_DNS
    lb_policy: ROUND_ROBIN
    http2_protocol_options: {}
    load_assignment:
      cluster_name: ver-1.7-pre
      endpoints:
      - lb_endpoints:
        - endpoint:
            address:
              socket_address:
                address: ver-1.7-pre
                port_value: 80
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